The first scientific definition of an acid was proposed by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier in the eighteenth century. Several different theories explain what composes an acid and a base. You may need to refresh your memory on naming acids. Chemicals that are acidic or basic are an important part of chemistry. Cleaning products like bleach and ammonia are bases.
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Some foods contain acid, like the citric acid in lemons and the lactic acid in dairy. Let the total concentration of HF vary from 1 × 10 −10 M to 1 × 10 −2 M.Acid-Base Reaction Theories Īcids and bases are everywhere. Plot total on the vertical axis and the total concentration of HF (the sum of the concentrations of both the ionized and nonionized HF molecules) on the horizontal axis.
HCL ACID OR BASE SERIES
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Let us consider the titration of 25.0 mL of 0.100 M acetic acid (a weak acid) with 0.100 M sodium hydroxide and compare the titration curve with that of the strong acid. The titration of a weak acid with a strong base (or of a weak base with a strong acid) is somewhat more complicated than that just discussed, but it follows the same general principles. (b) The titration curve for the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M NaOH (strong base) has an equivalence point of 8.72 pH. (a) The titration curve for the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M NaOH (strong base) has an equivalence point of 7.00 pH. For the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, the equivalence point occurs at a pH of 7.00 and the points on the titration curve can be calculated using solution stoichiometry ( Table 4 and Figure 1). It indicates when equivalent quantities of acid and base are present. The point of inflection (located at the midpoint of the vertical part of the curve) is the equivalence point for the titration.
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The pH increases slowly at first, increases rapidly in the middle portion of the curve, and then increases slowly again. The values of the pH measured after successive additions of small amounts of NaOH are listed in the first column of this table, and are graphed in Figure 1, in a form that is called a titration curve. Table 4 shows data for the titration of a 25.0-mL sample of 0.100 M hydrochloric acid with 0.100 M sodium hydroxide. The simplest acid-base reactions are those of a strong acid with a strong base. pH Values in the Titrations of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base and of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base Table 4 shows a detailed sequence of changes in the pH of a strong acid and a weak acid in a titration with NaOH. In the example, we calculated pH at four points during a titration.